Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv joystick, muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav cov teeb liab analog tso zis: Hall sensor daim ntawv thiab hom potentiometer.
1, Cov kab lus no tau hais meej meej txog kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Hall sensor, qhov sib txawv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm 2D Hall thiab 3D Hall.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Hall Effect:
Hall effect tau tshawb pom los ntawm physicist Hall nyob rau hauv 1879. Nws txhais cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm magnetic teb thiab induced voltage. Cov nyhuv no txawv kiag li los ntawm cov tsoos electromagnetic induction.
—— Duab los ntawm Internet
Raws li qhia saum toj no, thaum hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus (qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo), lub magnetic teb exerts ib tug quab yuam ntawm cov electrons nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub electrons 'motion, ua rau muaj peev xwm sib txawv. nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov lus qhia perpendicular mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov magnetic inductance kab.
Thaum lub magnetic teb perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia tam sim no yog siv rau lub semiconductor, electrons thiab qhov nyob rau hauv lub semiconductor yuav attracted los ntawm Lorentz quab yuam nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia thiab aggregate nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia. Hluav taws xob yuav raug tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib sau ua ke thiab qhov. Tom qab lub zog hluav taws xob thiab Lorentz quab yuam sib npaug, lawv yuav tsis sib sau ntxiv lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub teb hluav taws xob yuav ua rau cov electrons tom ntej thiab qhov uas raug rau lub zog hluav taws xob thiab sib npaug ntawm Lorentz quab yuam tsim los ntawm magnetic teb, thiaj li hais tias cov electrons tom ntej thiab qhov yuav dhau los ntawm smoothly tsis sib txawv, uas yog Hall effect. . Qhov sib txawv voltage ntawm ob sab yog hu ua Hall voltage.
Schematic daim duab
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov sib nqus ua rau lub zog Lorentz
Lorentz force F=qE plus qvB/c
Yog li ntawd Hall field
UH=RH·I= -B·I /(q·n·c)
Kev siv Hall Effect:
Txawm hais tias Hall effect tau pom ua ntej, nws raug txwv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov hlau nplaum tas li thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hall sensors thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1970s.
Qhov yooj yim Hall sensor yog tsim los ua ib qho kev txhim khu kev qha Hall nti kev sib txuas los ntawm kev ntim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm silicon ib leeg siv lead ua rau hauv cov khoom ntim cua nruj.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj teeb meem kev tsim hluav taws xob, Hall nti siv thawj zaug yuav tsim cov kev hloov pauv loj vim qhov kub thiab txias, uas tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
Tom qab ntawd, txog rau thaum xyoo 1990, qee lub tuam txhab, xws li MLX, tau siv qhov kub thiab txias circuits los cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov sib nqus, kom cov hlau nplaum tsis hloov nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, Hall nti tau paub txog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, uas tsis tas yuav hloov pauv cov txiaj ntsig analog teeb tsa los ntawm Hall nti rau cov kev xav tau siv, thiab nthuav dav ntau qhov kev siv scenario thiab Scope ntawm Hall nti.
Hall nti pib siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab tsheb ib puag ncig, siv los txiav txim qhov tsis hloov pauv thiab tig lub kaum sab xis, thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov zis analog.
Tom qab MLX Lub Tuam Txhab, ntau lub tuam txhab IC hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho Hall nti. Cov paib Hall nti siv tam sim no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntau lub Hall chips superimposed rau redundancy kev txiav txim, uas zoo heev txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov tseeb ntawm analog tso zis.
Kev siv Hall hauv qhov kov:
Kev lag luam thaum ntxov ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig analog tawm los ntawm cov qauv kev sib hloov ntawm tus kov, uas thawb lub mos txwv los tsav lub hydraulic valve. Yuav muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tswj hwm kev txawj ntse thiab kev tsim qauv, thiab cov cuab yeej hydraulic yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov roj to, uas tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum muaj kev ua qias tuaj siab lossis hauv qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj ib puag ncig huv.
Hydraulic siv cov mos txwv daim ntawv
—— Duab los ntawm Internet
Hall yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv joysticks los ntawm Danfoss, ib tug German chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog JS1, JS1000 thiab lwm yam.
Hall chip manufacturers feem ntau siv rau hauv tus kov, suav nrog MLX, TI, McGahn thiab lwm yam.
Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 2D dav hlau nrog thiab 3D chav raws li kev siv sib txawv.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm 2D Hall thiab 3D Hall:
Feem ntau, kev siv Hall nyob rau hauv tus kov yog muab faib ua teb thiab txav thiab viav vias. Hom rotary yog 2D Hall, thiab qhov txav thiab viav vias hom yog 3D Hall.
* Nco ntsoov siv cov hlau nplaum hlau:
Txawm li cas los xij ntawm Hall daim ntawv, muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kom ua tiav kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Hall txoj haujlwm.
Thawj qhov yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau thiab Hall center, uas txawv raws li cov qauv Hall chip sib txawv. Nws feem ntau yog li 1 ~ 5 hli.
Qhov thib ob yog qhov loj me me ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, raws li Hall nti qauv sib txawv, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kaum ob ntawm mT mus rau pua pua mT.
Yog hais tias ob qho tib si ntawm ob qhov tsis muaj qhov sib txawv los yog qhov sib txawv loj, nws yuav ua rau qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm Hall nti, uas ua rau cov khoom hloov pauv lossis cov khoom sib txawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau, cov hlau nplaum hlau yuav tsis ua rau cov khoom sib txawv vim demagnetization thaum nws siv mus ntev, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog coercivity ntawm hlau nplaum. Coercivity hais txog qhov sib nqus induction intensity B tsis rov qab mus rau xoom thaum sab nraud magnetic teb rov qab mus rau xoom tom qab saturation magnetization ntawm cov khoom sib nqus. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ntxiv ib qho chaw sib nqus ntawm ib qho me me nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov qub magnetization teb tuaj yeem ua qhov sib nqus induction rov mus rau xoom, uas yog hu ua coercive magnetic field lossis coercive force.
Feem ntau, lub coercivity ntawm hlau nplaum yuav tsum Hcb Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 850KA / m; Intrinsic coercivity Hcj Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 955KA / m. Qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam yog cov khoom siv hlau nplaum. Feem ntau, cov coercivity ntawm ferrite cov khoom yog me me, uas yuav ua rau demagnetization ntawm hlau nplaum rau lub sij hawm ntev. Thiab lub coercivity ntawm NdFeb cov khoom yog loj dua, feem ntau tsis-ntev-ntev kub (siab tshaj 60 ~ 80 degree) nyob rau hauv cov kev mob ntawm kev siv, siv li ntawm tsib mus rau kaum xyoo yog ntau tshaj li txaus.
Cov hlau nplaum siv rau qhov kov feem ntau yog N35 Ndfeb hlau nplaum.
Lwm yam kev tswj hwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau yog remanence Br thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws BH (max).
1. Hom Rotary:
Rotary Hall feem ntau yog teem rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub axis ntawm kev sib hloov, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetization yog radial. Thaum tus kov ncej tig, Hall voltage yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv magnetic flux los ntawm Hall sensor.
Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev siv no yog:
1. Zoo voltage symmetry;
2. Tsawg realization nyuaj;
3. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm dual ncej kov, XY axis cuam tshuam me me;
4. Ib leeg-axis kov yuav siv qhov chaw tsawg dua.
5. Tsawg magnetization nyuaj.
6. Lub kaum sab xis tig tuaj yeem loj (tsawg dua 360 degree)
Qhov tsis zoo yog:
1. Thaum lub dual-axis kov tau pom, nws yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw loj;
2. Yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hloov.
Hom kev sib hloov
1. Cov mis hloov pauv:
Feem ntau, kev siv kev hloov pauv kuj yog siv 3D Hall, xws li thawj tus chij MT1531 nti. Feem ntau cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetization yog radial. Ua li no, cov hlau nplaum hlau yuav tsum muaj qhov sib nqus ntawm 0mT ntawm qhov nruab nrab, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ob sab. Thaum sib nqus hlau yog magnetized li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov kev xav tau ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus ntawm ob sab ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum los yog nkhaus hlau nplaum. Yog tias qhov sib nqus loj sib txawv, qhov sib nqus flux faib yuav tsis sib npaug, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov zis ntawm ob sab thaum tus kov yog shaken.
Qhov zoo:
1. Cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim thiab qhov kev hloov chaw nrog tus nqi qis;
2. Cov txheej txheem theem ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas nyuaj rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hloov yog qhov zoo dua;
3. Cov qauv yooj yim, tuaj yeem ua ntau hom qauv.
Qhov tsis zoo:
1. Sib nqus hlau xav tau magnetizing symmetry;
2. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev kom paub txog linear symmetry ntawm displacement mis;
3. Lub kaum sab xis tig yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau; (feem ntau tsis tshaj 40 degree)
——Duab los ntawm MLX90333 specification
1. Hom viav vias:
Oscillating Hall yog ib qho kev paub txog biaxial. Nws paub txog dual-axis lossis txawm tias ntau lub axis tso tawm ntawm ib lub nti los ntawm kev siv ntau lub Hall chips ntawm Hall sensor.
Feem ntau, cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum yog axial magnetization, thiab axial magnetization ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau yuav txo tau qhov nyuaj ntawm magnetization.
——Duab los ntawm MLX90333 specification
Rau Hall sensors, txawm hais tias ib qho 3D nti yog kim dua li 2D nti, tus nqi ntawm kev siv cov khoom tso tawm biaxial kuj qis dua li siv ob 2D chips.
Qhov zoo:
1. Sib nqus hlau muaj qhov nyuaj magnetization tsawg. Tsawg sib dhos nyuaj;
2. Biaxial realization nqi yog tsawg;
3. Qhov chaw kab rov tav ntawm tus kov tsis tshua muaj nyob;
Qhov tsis zoo:
1. Qhov kev xav tau offset ntawm Hall thaj yog qhov siab, thiab qhov kev xav tau ntawm SMT feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 1/2 ntawm qhov vuam ko taw; Txwv tsis pub, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm biaxial (uas yog, thaum thawb ib lub axis, lwm qhov axis muaj cov khoom hloov pauv, 3D Hall tsis tuaj yeem zam kev cuam tshuam biaxial, tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso zis ntau yog suav tias tsim nyog)
2. Tus nqi ntawm kev ua tiav uniaxial tso zis yuav siab dua;
3. Lub kaum sab xis tig yog me dua li hom kev hloov pauv (feem ntau tsis tshaj 30 degree);
HJ8 kov ntawm Shanghai Chen Gong Hluav taws xob tswj siv 3D Hall ntawm MLX90333.
Ii. Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau Hall tso zis sib txawv:
Feem ntau hais lus, yam uas cuam tshuam rau Hall tso zis voltage yog feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no. Feem ntau hais lus, txij li cov nti tsis tshua muaj qhov tsis zoo, qhov ua rau cov zis hluav taws xob sib txawv feem ntau yog txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev hloov pauv sib nqus:
1. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus los ntawm cov hlau nplaum:
Sib nqus hlau yuav hloov qhov sib nqus flux thiab yog li cov zis voltage vim muaj ntau yam, xws li:
A. Kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo ua rau lub adsorption ntawm cov hmoov hlau ntawm cov hlau nplaum, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus.
B. Kev kho tsis raug ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau ua rau xoob ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus;
C. Cov kab nrib pleb thaum muaj hlau nplaum yog riveted lossis tsau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thiab sib nqus flux hloov tom qab kub thiab qis.
Txoj kev zam:
Cov yam tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thiab txhim kho kev ntsuas raws li hauv FEMA ntawm kev tsim thiab txheej txheem.
2. Sib nqus flux hloov los ntawm sab nraud ua rau:
Feem ntau, qhov sib nqus flux los ntawm Hall nti hloov vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm Circuit Court los ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb los yog voltage cuam tshuam, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov zis.
Txoj kev zam:
Kev xeem EMC tau ua tiav, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog tau siv los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm Hall nti.
3. Tso zis sib txawv tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv siv tshuab:
Tom qab siv lub sij hawm ntev, qhov nce ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab clearance ua rau qhov nce ntawm cov zis sib txawv.
Txoj kev zam:
Optimize tus qauv tsim.
4. Sab nraud input voltage tsis tswj fais fab mov:
Feem ntau hais lus, qhov nominal Hall input voltage ntawm Hall handle manufacturers yog 5. Yog hais tias tus nqi calibration tso zis voltage yog 0.5 ~ 2.5V ~ 4.5V tso zis, input 5.5V voltage, ces qhov nruab nrab cov zis voltage yuav yog 2.75V, tshaj qhov ntau ntawm qhov nruab nrab yuav tsum tau. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau tau hais kom siv lub zog tswj hwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog ±0.2V nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ±0.1V.
